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<h2>NEWS VERSION 1.18
<a name="heading17"></a>
</h2>
 <hr><table><tr><td valign="top" width="30%" bgcolor="#eeeeee">
<a href="webpage-1.html#heading1">License</a> 
<a href="webpage-2.html#heading2">README</a> 
<a href="webpage-3.html#heading3">Repository and FTP access</a> 
<a href="webpage-4.html#heading4">Groff dependencies</a> 
<a href="webpage-5.html#heading5">Bug reports</a> 
<a href="webpage-6.html#heading6">Mailing lists</a> 
<a href="webpage-7.html#heading7">NEWS VERSION 1.22.3</a> 
<a href="webpage-8.html#heading8">NEWS VERSION 1.22.2</a> 
<a href="webpage-9.html#heading9">NEWS VERSION 1.22.1</a> 
<a href="webpage-10.html#heading10">NEWS VERSION 1.21</a> 
<a href="webpage-11.html#heading11">NEWS VERSION 1.20.1</a> 
<a href="webpage-12.html#heading12">NEWS VERSION 1.20</a> 
<a href="webpage-13.html#heading13">NEWS VERSION 1.19.2</a> 
<a href="webpage-14.html#heading14">NEWS VERSION 1.19.1</a> 
<a href="webpage-15.html#heading15">NEWS VERSION 1.19</a> 
<a href="webpage-16.html#heading16">NEWS VERSION 1.18.1</a> 
<a href="webpage-17.html#heading17">NEWS VERSION 1.18</a>

</td><td valign="top" width="70%">

This section describes recent user-visible changes in
groff. Bug fixes are not described. There are more details
in the man pages.

<big><big><big>Please
read the changes below regarding
<a href="#grotty">grotty</a>, groff&rsquo;s tty
frontend.</big></big></big>

Troff<ul>

<li>Color support has been added
to troff and pic (and to the device drivers grops, grodvi,
grotty, and grohtml &ndash; other preprocessors and drivers
will follow). A new function &lsquo;defcolor&rsquo; defines
colors; the escape sequence &lsquo;\m&rsquo; sets the
drawing color, the escape sequence &lsquo;\M&rsquo;
specifies the background color for closed objects created
with \D&rsquo;...&rsquo; commands. &lsquo;\m[]&rsquo; and
&lsquo;\M[]&rsquo; switch back to the previous color.
&lsquo;\m&rsquo; and &lsquo;\M&rsquo; correspond to the new
troff output command sets starting with &lsquo;m&rsquo; and
&lsquo;DF&rsquo;. The device-specific default color is
called &lsquo;default&rsquo; and can&rsquo;t be
redefined.

Use the
&lsquo;color&rsquo; request to toggle the usage of colors
(default is on); the read-only register &lsquo;.color&rsquo;
is&nbsp;0 if colors are not active, and non-zero
otherwise.

The old
&lsquo;Df&rsquo; output command is mapped onto
&lsquo;DFg&rsquo;; all color output commands don&rsquo;t
change the current font position (consequently,
&lsquo;Df&rsquo; doesn&rsquo;t either).

Outputting
color can be disabled in troff and groff with the
option&nbsp;&minus;c (it is always disabled in compatibility
mode). See the section on grotty for the
<a href="#GROFF_NO_SGR">GROFF_NO_SGR</a> environment
variable also.

For
defining color components as fractions between 0 and&nbsp;1,
a new scaling indicator &lsquo;f&rsquo; has been defined:
1f&nbsp;=&nbsp;65536u. For testing whether a color is
defined (with .if and .ie), a new conditional operator
&lsquo;m&rsquo; is available.

More
details can be found in the groff_diff.7 manual page and in
groff.texinfo.

</li><li>Similar
to \m and \M, \f[] switches back to the previous font. \fP
(and \f[P]) is still valid for backwards
compatibility.

</li><li>The
new escape \F is the same as &lsquo;.fam&rsquo;; \F[]
switches back to previous family &ndash; \F[P] selects
family &lsquo;P&rsquo;.

</li><li>Two
new glyph symbols are available: &lsquo;eu&rsquo; is the
official Euro symbol; &lsquo;Eu&rsquo; is a font-specific
glyph variant.

</li><li>The
new glyph symbols &lsquo;t+&minus;&rsquo;,
&lsquo;tdi&rsquo;, and &lsquo;tmu&rsquo; are textual
variants of &lsquo;+&minus;&rsquo;, &lsquo;di&rsquo;, and
&lsquo;mu&rsquo;, respectively.

</li><li>Latin-1
character 181 (PS name &lsquo;mu&rsquo;, Unicode name U+00B5
MICRO SIGN) has got the troff glyph name
&lsquo;mc&rsquo;.

</li><li>&minus;Tutf8
is now available on EBCDIC hosts.

</li><li>Strings
can take arguments, using this syntax:
\*[foo&nbsp;arg1&nbsp;arg2&nbsp;...]. Example:

</li><li>It
is now possible to have whitespace between the first and
second dot (or the name of the ending macro) to end a macro
definition. Example:

<pre style="margin-left:3%; margin-top: 1em">.de !
..
.
.de foo
. nop Hello, I&rsquo;m &lsquo;foo&rsquo;.
. nop I will now define &lsquo;bar&rsquo;.
. de bar !
. nop Hello, I&rsquo;m &lsquo;bar&rsquo;.
. !
..</pre>

</li><li>&lsquo;.fn&rsquo;
is a new string-valued register which returns the (internal)
real font name; styles and families are properly
concatenated.

</li><li>Three
new read/write registers &lsquo;seconds&rsquo;,
&lsquo;minutes&rsquo;, and &lsquo;hours&rsquo; contain the
current time, set at start-up of troff. Use the
&lsquo;af&rsquo; request to control their output
format.

</li><li>The
new request &lsquo;fchar&rsquo; can be used to provide
fallback characters. It has the same syntax as the
&lsquo;char&rsquo; request; the only difference is that a
character defined with &lsquo;.char&rsquo; hides the glyph
with the same name in the current font, whereas a character
defined with &lsquo;.fchar&rsquo; is checked only if the
particular glyph isn&rsquo;t found in the current font. This
test happens before checking special fonts.

</li><li>In
analogy to the &lsquo;tmc&rsquo; request,
&lsquo;.writec&rsquo; is the same as &lsquo;.write&rsquo;
but doesn&rsquo;t emit a final newline.

</li><li>The
new request &lsquo;itc&rsquo; is a variant of
&lsquo;.it&rsquo; for which a line interrupted with \c
counts as one input line.

</li><li>Two
new requests &lsquo;ds1&rsquo; and &lsquo;as1&rsquo; which
are similar to &lsquo;ds&rsquo; and &lsquo;as&rsquo; but
with compatibility mode disabled during expansion of strings
defined by them.

</li><li>The
syntax of the &lsquo;substring&rsquo; request has been
changed: The first character in a string now has
index&nbsp;0, the last character has index&nbsp;&minus;1.
Note that this is an incompatible change.

</li><li>To
emit strings directly to the intermediate output, a new
&lsquo;output&rsquo; request has been added; it is similar
to &lsquo;\!&rsquo; used at the top level.

</li><li>&lsquo;.hpf&rsquo;
has been extended. It can now handle most TeX hyphenation
pattern files without modification. To do that, the commands
\patterns, \hyphenation, and \endinput are recognized.
Please refer to groff_diff.7 for more
information.

</li><li>&lsquo;hpfcode&rsquo;
is a new request to provide an input encoding mapping for
the &lsquo;hpf&rsquo; request.

</li><li>The
new request &lsquo;hpfa&rsquo; appends hyphenation patterns
(&lsquo;hpf&rsquo; replaces already existing
patterns).

</li><li>A
new request &lsquo;ami&rsquo; (append macro indirect) has
been added. The first and second parameter of
&lsquo;ami&rsquo; are taken from string registers rather
than directly; this very special request is needed to make
&lsquo;trace.tmac&rsquo; independent from the escape
character (which might even be disabled).

</li><li>The
new request &lsquo;sizes&rsquo; is similar to the
&lsquo;sizes&rsquo; command in DESC files. It expects the
same syntax; the data must be on a single line, and the
final &lsquo;0&rsquo; can be omitted.

</li><li>&lsquo;trin&rsquo;
(translate input) is a new request which is similar to
&lsquo;tr&rsquo; with the exception that the
&lsquo;asciify&rsquo; request uses the character code (if
any) before the character translation. Example:

<pre style="margin-left:3%; margin-top: 1em">.trin ax
.di xxx
a
.br
.di
.xxx
.trin aa
.asciify xxx
.xxx</pre>

The result
is &lsquo;x&nbsp;a&rsquo;. Using &lsquo;tr&rsquo;, the
result would be &lsquo;x&nbsp;x&rsquo;.

</li><li>The
request &lsquo;pvs&rsquo; isn&rsquo;t new, but hasn&rsquo;t
been documented before. It adds vertical space after a line
has been output. This makes it an alternative to the
&lsquo;ls&rsquo; request to produce double-spaced documents.
The read-only register &lsquo;.pvs&rsquo; holds the current
amount of the post-vertical line space.

</li><li>For
compatibility with plan 9&rsquo;s troff, multiple
&lsquo;pi&rsquo; requests are supported:

is now
equivalent to

</li><li>A
new escape sequence &lsquo;\O&rsquo; is available to disable
and enable glyph output. Please see groff_diff.man and
groff.texinfo for more details.

</li><li>The
escapes &lsquo;\%&rsquo;, &lsquo;\&amp;&rsquo;,
&lsquo;\)&rsquo;, and &lsquo;\:&rsquo; no longer cause an
error in \X; they are ignored now. Additionally
&lsquo;\&nbsp;&rsquo; and &lsquo;\~&rsquo; are converted to
single space characters.

</li><li>The
default tab distance in nroff mode is now 0.8i to be
compatible with UNIX troff.

</li><li>Using
the latin-1 input character 0xAD (soft hyphen) for the
&lsquo;shc&rsquo; request was a bad idea. Instead, it is now
translated to &lsquo;\%&rsquo;, and the default hyphenation
character is again \[hy]. Note that the glyph \[shc] is not
useful for typographic purposes; it only exists to have
glyph names for all latin-1 characters. </li></ul>

Macro Packages<ul>

<li><a href="mailto:df191@ncf.ca">Peter Schaffter</a>
has contributed a new major macro package called
&lsquo;mom&rsquo;, mainly for non-scientific writers, which
takes care of many typographic issues. It comes with a
complete reference (in HTML format) and some examples.
&lsquo;mom&rsquo; has been designed to format documents for
PostScript output only.

</li><li>Two
macros &lsquo;AT&rsquo; (AT&amp;T) and &lsquo;UC&rsquo;
(Univ. of California) have been added to the man macros for
compatibility with older BSD releases.

</li><li>Both
the man and mdoc macro packages now use the LL and LT
registers for setting the line and title length,
respectively (similar to those registers in the ms macro
package). If not set on the command line or in a macro file
loaded before the macro package itself, they default to 78n
in nroff mode and 6.5i in troff mode.

</li><li>The
&lsquo;&minus;xwidth&rsquo; specifier in the mdoc macro
package has been removed. Its functionality is now
integrated directly into &lsquo;&minus;width&rsquo;.
Similarly, &lsquo;&minus;column&rsquo; has been extended to
has this functionality also.

</li><li>A
new macro &lsquo;Ex&rsquo; has been added to the mdoc macro
package to document an exit status.

</li><li>&lsquo;troff.man&rsquo;
has been split. Differences to UNIX troff are now documented
in the new man page &lsquo;groff_diff.man&rsquo;.

</li><li>The
PSPIC macro has been extended to work with DVI output
(&lsquo;pspic.tmac&rsquo; is now automatically loaded for
&minus;Tdvi), using a dvips special to load the EPS
file.

</li><li>The
trace.tmac package now traces calls to &lsquo;am&rsquo;
also. Additionally, it works in compatibility
mode.

</li><li>&lsquo;troff.1&rsquo;
has been split. Differences to UNIX troff are now documented
in the new man page &lsquo;groff_diff.7&rsquo;.

</li><li>&lsquo;groff_mwww.7&rsquo;
has been renamed to &lsquo;groff_www.7&rsquo;. The file
mwww.tmac has been removed.

</li><li>&lsquo;groff_ms.7&rsquo;
has been completely rewritten. It now contains a complete
reference to the ms macros.

</li><li>&lsquo;groff_trace.7&rsquo;
documents the trace macro package.

</li><li>Changes
in www.tmac

Note that
HTML support is still in alpha change, so it is rather
likely that both macro names and macro syntax will change.
Some of the macros mentioned below aren&rsquo;t really new
but haven&rsquo;t been documented properly
before. <ul>

<li>The following macros have been
renamed:

MAILTO
-&gt; MTO 
IMAGE -&gt; IMG 
LINE -&gt; HR

</li><li>For
consistency, the macros &lsquo;URL&rsquo;,
&lsquo;FTL&rsquo;, and &lsquo;MTO&rsquo; now all have the
address as the first parameter followed by the
description.

</li><li>By
default, grohtml generates links to all section headings at
the top of the document. Use the new &lsquo;LK&rsquo; macro
to specify a different place.

</li><li>For
specifying the background color and a background image, use
the new macros &lsquo;BCL&rsquo; and &lsquo;BGIMG&rsquo;,
respectively.

</li><li>The
macro &lsquo;NHR&rsquo; has been added; it suppresses the
generation of top and bottom rules which grohtml emits by
default.

</li><li>The
new macro &lsquo;HX&rsquo; determines the cut-off point for
automatic link generation to headings.

</li><li>The
image position parameter names in &lsquo;IMG&rsquo; have
been changed to &lsquo;&minus;L&rsquo;,
&lsquo;&minus;R&rsquo;, and
&lsquo;&minus;C&rsquo;.

</li><li>New
macro &lsquo;PIMG&rsquo; for inclusion of a PNG image (it
automatically converts it into an EPS file if not
&minus;Thtml is used).

</li><li>New
macro &lsquo;MPIMG&rsquo; for putting a PNG image into the
left or right margin (it automatically converts it into an
EPS file if not &minus;Thtml is used).

</li><li>New
macros &lsquo;HnS&rsquo;, &lsquo;HnE&rsquo; to start and end
a header line block.

</li><li>New
macro &lsquo;DC&rsquo; to produce dropcap
characters.

</li><li>New
macro &lsquo;HTL&rsquo; to generate an HTML title line only
but no H1 heading.

</li><li>New
macros &lsquo;ULS&rsquo; and &lsquo;ULE&rsquo; to start and
end an unordered list. The new macro &lsquo;LI&rsquo;
inserts a list item. </li></ul>

</li></ul>

groff<ul>

<li>The new command line
&lsquo;&minus;c&rsquo; disables color output (which is
always disabled in compatibility mode). </li></ul>

Nroff<ul>

<li>Two new command line options
&lsquo;&minus;c&rsquo; and &lsquo;&minus;C&rsquo;; the
former passes &lsquo;&minus;c&rsquo; to grotty (switching to
the old output scheme); the latter passes
&lsquo;&minus;C&rsquo; to groff (enabling compatibility
mode). </li></ul>

pic<ul>

<li>New keywords
&lsquo;color&rsquo; (or &lsquo;colour&rsquo;,
&lsquo;colored&rsquo;, &lsquo;coloured&rsquo;),
&lsquo;outline&rsquo; (or &lsquo;outlined&rsquo;), and
&lsquo;shaded&rsquo; are available. &lsquo;outline&rsquo;
sets the color of the outline, &lsquo;shaded&rsquo; the fill
color, and &lsquo;color&rsquo; sets both.
Example:

<tt>circle
shaded &quot;green&quot; outline &quot;black&quot;
;</tt>

Filled
arrows always use the outline color for filling.

Color
support for TeX output is not implemented yet.
</li> </ul>

Pic2graph<ul>

<li>A new script contributed by
<a href="mailto:esr@thyrsus.com">Eric S. Raymond</a>. It
converts a PIC diagram into a cropped image. Since it uses
gs and the PNM library, virtually all graphics formats are
available for output. </li></ul>

Eqn2graph<ul>

<li>A new script contributed by
<a href="mailto:esr@thyrsus.com">Eric S. Raymond</a>. It
converts an EQN diagram into a cropped image. Since it uses
gs and the PNM library, virtually all graphics formats are
available for output. </li></ul>

Groffer<ul>

<li>A new script contributed by
<a href="mailto:groff-bernd.warken-72@web.de">Bernd Warken</a>.
It displays groff files and man pages on X and tty, taking
care of most parameters automatically. </li></ul>

Grog<ul>

<li>Documents using the mom macro
package are recognized. </li></ul>

grops<ul>

<li>Color support has been
added.

</li><li>A
new option &lsquo;&minus;p&rsquo; is available to select the
output paper size. It has the same syntax as the new
&lsquo;papersize&rsquo; keyword in the DESC file.
</li> </ul>

Grodvi<ul>

<li>By default, font sizes are now
available in the range 5&minus;10000pt, similar to PS fonts.
If you want the old behaviour (i.e., font sizes at discrete
values only), insert the following at the start of your
document:

<pre style="margin-left:3%; margin-top: 1em">.if &rsquo;\*[.T]&rsquo;dvi&rsquo; \
. sizes 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1095 1200 1400 1440 1600 \
 1728 1800 2000 2074 2200 2400 2488 2800 3600</pre>

</li><li>A
new font file HBI (using cmssbxo10; this is slanted sans
serif bold extended) has been added.

</li><li>Two
font families are now available: &lsquo;T&rsquo; and
&lsquo;H&rsquo;.

</li><li>EC
and TC fonts have been integrated. Use
&lsquo;&minus;mec&rsquo; (calling the file ec.tmac) to
switch to them. Those fonts give a much better coverage of
the symbols defined by groff than the CM fonts.

Note that
ec.tmac must be called before any language-specific files;
it doesn&rsquo;t take care of hcode values.

</li><li>Color
support has been added. For drawing commands, colors are
translated to gray values currently. </li></ul>

<a name="grotty"></a>
Grotty <ul>

<li>Color support has been added,
using the SGR (ISO&nbsp;6429, sometimes called ANSI color)
escape sequences.

</li><li>SGR
escape sequences are now used by default for underlining and
bold printing also, no longer using the backspace character
trick. To revert to the old behaviour, use the
&lsquo;&minus;c&rsquo; switch.

Note that
you have to use the &lsquo;&minus;R&rsquo; option of
&lsquo;less&rsquo; to make SGR escapes display correctly. On
the other hand, terminal programs and consoles like
&lsquo;xterm&rsquo; which support SGR sequences natively can
directly display the output of grotty. Consequently, the
options &lsquo;&minus;b&rsquo;, &lsquo;&minus;B&rsquo;,
&lsquo;&minus;u&rsquo;, and &lsquo;&minus;U&rsquo; work only
in combination with &lsquo;&minus;c&rsquo; and are ignored
silently otherwise.

For the
&lsquo;man&rsquo; program, it may be necessary to add the
&lsquo;&minus;R&rsquo; option of &lsquo;less&rsquo; to the
$PAGER environment variable (or $MANPAGER, depending on the
used version of &lsquo;man&rsquo;); alternatively, you can
use &lsquo;man&rsquo;s &lsquo;&minus;P&rsquo; option (or
adapt its configuration file accordingly). See man(1) for
more details.

<a name="GROFF_NO_SGR"></a>
</li><li>If the environment variable GROFF_NO_SGR is set,
SGR output is disabled, reverting to the old
behaviour.

</li><li>A
new special \X&rsquo;tty:&nbsp;sgr&nbsp;n&rsquo; has been
added; if n is non-zero or missing, enable SGR output (the
default).

</li><li>If
the new option &lsquo;&minus;i&rsquo; is used (only in SGR
mode), grotty sends escape sequences to set the italic font
attribute instead of the underline attribute for italic
fonts. Note that many terminals don&rsquo;t have support for
this (including xterm). </li></ul>

grohtml<ul>

<li>Color support for glyphs has
been added.

</li><li>New
option &lsquo;&minus;h&rsquo; to select the style of
headings in HTML output.

</li><li>New
option &lsquo;&minus;b&rsquo; to set the background colour
to white.

</li><li>New
options &lsquo;&minus;a&rsquo; and &lsquo;&minus;g&rsquo; to
control the number of bits for anti-aliasing used for text
and graphics, respectively. Default value is&nbsp;4;
0&nbsp;means no anti-aliasing.

</li><li>groff
character/glyph entities now map onto HTML&nbsp;4 character
entities. </li></ul>

Grolbp<ul>

<li>Valid paper sizes are now
specified as with the new &lsquo;papersize&rsquo; keyword in
the DESC file. Specifically, the old custom paper type
format &lsquo;custAAAxBBB&rsquo; is no longer supported.
</li> </ul>

Miscellaneous<ul>

<li>A new manual page
&lsquo;ditroff.7&rsquo; is available.

</li><li>The
groff texinfo manual is now installed, together with a bunch
of examples.

</li><li>A
new keyword &lsquo;papersize&rsquo; has been added to the
DESC file format. Its argument is either<ul>

<li>a predefined paper format
(e.g. &lsquo;A4&rsquo; or &lsquo;letter&rsquo;)

</li><li>a
file name pointing to a file which must contain a paper size
specification in its first line (e.g.
&lsquo;/etc/papersize&rsquo;)

</li><li>a
custom paper size definition like &lsquo;35c,4i&rsquo;
</li> </ul>

See
groff_font(5) for more details. This keyword only affects
the physical dimensions of the output medium; grops, grolj4,
and grolbp use it currently. troff completely ignores it.
</li> </ul></td></tr></table><hr>
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